Southern outperforms Q3 estimates with $1.60 adjusted EPS and robust customer demand, forecasting a bright future amid disciplined growth strategy.

Good afternoon, My name is Diego and I will be your conference operator today. At this time I would like to welcome everyone to the Southern Company third quarter 2025 earnings call. All lines have been placed on mute to prevent any background noise. After the speaker's remarks, there will be a question and answer session. If anyone should require operator assistance during the conference, Please press star 0 on your telephone keypad. Please note this conference is being recorded. I will now turn the call over to Greg McLeod, Director Investor Relations. Thank you. Please go ahead sir.

Thanks Diego Good afternoon and welcome to Southern Company's third quarter 2025. This call is now being recorded. Joining me today are Chris Womack, Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer of Southern Company and David Perroch, Chief Financial Officer. Let me remind you that we will make forward looking statements today. In addition to providing historical information, various important factors could cause actual results to differ materially from those indicated in the forward looking statements, including those discussed in our Form 10-K, Form 10-Qs and subsequent security filings. In addition, we will present non-GAAP financial information on this call. Reconciliations to the applicable GAAP measure are included in the financial information we released this morning as well as the slides for this conference call which are both available on our Investor relations website@investor.southerncompany.com at this time. I'll turn the call over to Chris.

Thank you Greg and good afternoon to everyone and we thank you for joining us for today's update. Southern Company continues to perform exceptionally well as you can see from the materials that we released this morning. We reported strong adjusted earnings results for the third quarter meaningfully above the estimate provided last quarter and we expect to deliver on our financial objectives for 2025 and I have to say Southern Company has an incredibly bright future ahead. Our state regulated electric and gas utilities continue to provide long term value to the more than 9 million customers across the Southeast and beyond with reliable and affordable energy. The vertically integrated markets in which our electric utilities operate continue to provide transparent and orderly processes and have consistently supported our ability to meet the needs of our growing economies and electric demand while providing premier reliability and resilient service day in and day out. We've done all of this while keeping customers rates more than 10% below the national average. Further, the rate plan extension at Georgia Power which freezes base rates until at least 2029 excluding the recovery of storm related costs is a testament to the benefits of a constructive regulatory framework and our focus on balancing growth affordability. Customers continue to be at the center of everything we do. Our focus on the customer underpins our disciplined approach to forecasting, pricing, contracting and deploying resources to serve this once in a generation growth opportunity. And we continue to execute on those plans for the benefits of all of our customers. Over the last two months we have four contracts with large load customers across Georgia and Alabama representing over 2 gigawatts of demand. Consistent with our approach across Southern Company, these contracts include pricing and terms that are designed to pay for the incremental cost to serve new customer demand while also benefiting and protecting existing customers, helping to ensure growth the does not come at the expense of affordability. I will now turn the call over to David to give an update on our financial performance.

Thanks Chris and good afternoon everyone. For the third quarter of 2025, our adjusted EPS was $1.60 per share, $0.10 above our estimate and $0.17 higher than the third quarter of 2024. The primary drivers for our performance for the third quarter for the quarter compared to last year were continued investment in our state regulated utilities along with strong customer growth and increased customer usage. These positive drivers were partially offset by milder than normal year over year weather, higher depreciation and amortization and higher interest cost. For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, our adjusted EPS was $3.76 compared to adjusted earnings of $3.56 for the same period in 2024. Year to date revenue grew at our state regulated electrics partially influenced by customer growth and higher usage which is added $0.12 year over year. A complete reconciliation of year over year earnings is included in the materials we released this morning. Our adjusted EPS estimate for the fourth quarter is $0.54 per share which combined with our year to date performance would represent full year adjusted earnings at the top of our 2025 annual guidance range of $4.30 per share. Turning now to retail electricity sales year to date weather normal retail electricity sales were 1.8% higher compared to the first three quarters of 2024. Year over year weather normal Retail electricity sales, which are on pace for the highest annual increase since 2010 excluding the pandemic, demonstrate growth across all three customer classes. In the third quarter alone, the commercial sector grew 3.5% on a weather normal basis compared to the third quarter of 2024. This growth was driven partially by increased sales to existing and new customer and new data centers which were up 17%. Weather normal. Residential sales also showed strong growth and were 2.7% higher than in the third quarter of 2024. Bolstered by the addition of roughly 12,000 new electric customers in the quarter, substantially higher than historical trends. Electricity sales to individual customers also demonstrated continued strength, growing 1.5% in the quarter compared to the prior year. Year to date, all of our largest industrial customer segments are up year over year, including primary, metals, paper and transportation segments which were each up 4% or higher through the first three quarters. Economic development activity across our electric service territories remains robust, with 22 companies making announcements to either establish or or expand operations in our service territories during the third quarter, generating nearly 5,000 potential new jobs and representing expected capital investments totaling approximately $2.8 billion. Clearly, between robust customer growth, increasing customer usage in the commercial and industrial segments and the flourishing economic development activity in our service territories, the economy in the Southeast remains strong and extremely well positioned Transitioning to our Financing I'd like to take an OP and I'd like to give an update on our activities for the quarter, including the progress made addressing our future equity needs in the third quarter we issued $4 billion of long term debt across Alabama Power, Georgia Power, Southern Company Gas and Southern Power. The quality and credit strength of our subsidiaries continues to draw robust investor interest. Strong demand for our subsidiary securities ultimately translates into lower interest costs which will provide benefits to customers and our regulated subsidiaries over the long term. With these issuances combined with what we issued in the first half of the year, we have fully satisfied our long term debt financing needs for 2025 at each of our subsidiaries. On the equity financing front, we continue to be opportunistic in our proactive approach and have made significant progress on our plans to source equity in a disciplined and credit supportive manner. This approach reflects our steadfast commitment to credit quality including our strong investment grade credit ratings across all three major rating agencies. We plan to continue utilizing equity or equity equivalents in support of our path towards 17% FFO to debt within our planning horizon. Recall, this long term credit quality objective is intended to provide cushion to the quantitative credit metric targets provided by the rating agencies. As a reminder, on our July earnings call, we highlighted a cumulative equity need of $9 billion through 2029 to fund our $76 billion capital investment plan in a credit supportive manner. Since our last earnings call, we priced an additional $1.8 billion of equity through forward sales agreements under our at the Market or ATM program. These forward equity contracts contain final settlement dates that extend through mid-2027 with the ability to call sooner if we choose. This progress and flexibility it provides significantly reduces risk in our financing plans when considering these ATM forward sales, other hybrid security issuances and past and projected issuances. Under our internal equity plans, we have solidified over $7 billion of our $9 billion equity need through 2029. We are extremely well positioned to address the remaining amounts in a shareholder friendly manner. Looking ahead and as we continue to take steps to require strong customer protections and credit provisions, our pipeline of large load data centers and manufacturers continues to be robust. Across our electric subsidiaries, the total pipeline remains more than 50 gigawatts of potential incremental load by mid-2030s. Recall that our disciplined approach to forecasting assumes that only a fraction of this load pipeline materializes. As Chris mentioned earlier, in just the last two months we have four contracts across Southern Company System that represent over 2 gigawatts of load. As you can see, projects within our pipeline are maturing into executed contracts which along with their associated load ramps over the next several years solidifies a substantial portion of our total forecasted electric sales growth of 8% annually through 2029, including average annual growth at Georgia Power of 12% through the same period across Alabama, Georgia and Mississippi. We now have contracts in place with large load customers representing 7 gigawatts through 2029, which ultimately ramped to 8 gigawatts in the 2000 and 30s and we are in advanced discussions for several more gigawatts of load. I'll now turn the call back over to Chris for further insights into the progress we are making on our plans.

Thank you David. As David noted, we have made great progress with signing new large load contracts. Just last month, as a part of Georgia Power's ongoing RFP certification proceedings, Georgia Power filed an update to its load forecast. This update forecast continues to project the capacity need consistent with the 10 gigawatts of capacity resources being requested, which include five natural gas combined cycle units and 11 battery energy storage facilities. These proceedings are scheduled to have a final determination by the Commission by the end of this year. Separately, Alabama Power, following approvals from the Alabama Public Service Commission and the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, has completed the acquisition of the 900 megawatt Lindsay Hill natural gas generating facility to serve projected long term capacity needs in the state. In addition, construction continues on approximately two and a half gigawatts of new generation in both Georgia and Alabama, which includes three natural gas combustion turbines and seven battery storage facilities, all of which are projected to go online over the next two years. Further, the south system for expansion at Southern Natural Gas was within our Southern Company Gas subsidiary continues to move forward and will provide a valuable resource in serving the projected growth in our service territories. It is clear that we continue to make great progress executing on our plan as we deliver exceptional value to customers and investors. Consistent with our past practice and representative of our continued discipline. We expect to provide a complete update to our long term Plan during our fourth quarter 2025 earnings call this coming February. As always, this update will include refreshes to our five year capital investment outlook, sales forecast and financing plans as well as our 2026 and long term EPS guidance. Consistent with our comments throughout 2025. As a part of that communication, we expect to provide additional clarity on our long term earnings trajectory which as we've highlighted before, could translate into increase in the base from where our long term EPS growth starts which could be potentially as early as 2027. We have delivered exceptional operational and solid financial results through the first three quarters of the year. Just this week, Southern Company was named to Newsweek's World's Most Trustworthy Companies for 2025 list and was the highest ranked energy company in the United States on that list. Recognized companies were identified in an independent survey and our inclusion at the top of this list is a testament to the hard work, an unwavering commitment of our employees to uphold our values and operate each day at the highest standards of integrity, transparency and accountability. We are honored by this recognition and I am incredibly proud of our team and the execution across all of our businesses. In conclusion, we're extraordinarily well positioned to to finish the year strong. We have the team, we have the experience and the skill to capture and execute on the exciting opportunities in front of us. We really have a bright and exciting future ahead. Operator we're now ready to take questions.

Thank you. And at this time we will conduct our question and answer session. If you would like to ask a question, please press Star one on your telephone keypad. A confirmation tone will indicate your line is in the question queue. You may press Star two if you would like to remove your question from the queue. For participants using speaker equipment, it may be necessary to pick up your handset before pressing the star keys. One moment please, while we pull for questions. And now our first question comes from Steve Fleischman with Wolff Research. Please state your question.

Hey Steve. Hey Steve. Hi. I have no idea how I got on the list for questions because I didn't. I didn't. I didn't ask one. But I appreciate that. So I will say hello and all good. I didn't have any questions. Thank you. Thank you.

And your next Question comes from Carly Davenport with Goldman Sachs. Please state your question.

Hey, good afternoon. Thanks for taking. Hey, thanks so much for taking my question. Maybe to start just on the kind of load growth outlook in Georgia, I guess as you continue to lock in contracts under the new tariff structure there, can you talk a little bit about the reception from customers to the new structure and also how you approach the minimum bill components and ensure cost recovery from investments to support that load.

Yeah, sure. Hey, Carly, thanks. Great question. You know, like we talked about, we've moved into a mode working underneath the, at least at Georgia, working underneath the Georgia Public Service Commission, new rules that came into place in the spring. And you know, what we're finding is customers totally get it. They understand that these are long term commitments that we are making to deploy resources to serve their needs. And I think these rules have really helped bring the more credit quality, more serious counterparties up to the front of the line. And we've just made great strides in structuring these contracts. And you know what, these contracts, the ones that we've signed now have brought to the table, are great protections for customers and our investors. The minimum bills cover all of our costs. You know, whether or not the meter spins and once they hit their ramps and they start moving up, it's just very beneficial for the company and for our customers. So we're really happy with the education effort that we've been able to accomplish over the past year. And you know, that's kind of the indicator as to why to some extent these contracts have taken a minute to get resolved just because we're taking them along the journey of the structure and the need to be able to protect customers going forward through these contracts.

Great. Really helpful. Thank you. And then maybe the follow up just on the Georgia regulatory environment just with the upcoming certifications and potential for incremental needs on the generation side for approval. How are you thinking about potential impacts from the PSC election and those processes as you think about the longer term plan?

Yeah, Carly, let's start with the election question first. Elections in Georgia for the, for the two commission seats, they will be held next Tuesday. We've had a couple weeks of early voting. I mean, one of the things we talk a lot about in all of our states is that we have an incredibly long history of working constructively with whomever is in those seats. And the five seats that are occupied in Georgia, they've always brought different views and perspectives. And so we expect that will in fact be the same. And so we'll work with whomever's there. And as those positions are filled, I mean, they keep the citizens in mind as well as we keep our customers in mind. So we have a lot of alignment there. So we've always constructively worked with whomever has been elected in those seats. And Carla, you asked about status and kind of where we are. Recall that in September Georgia Power filed an updated load forecast and testimony. And that load forecast, you know, using the same methodologies as several months ago, discounting forecasted load and risk adjusting, that supported the need for the whole 10 gigawatts that we're requesting. And that process is ongoing. So we're going to have staff and other interveners file their testimony in the next couple of weeks, I think. And we're scheduled to get a ruling from the commission. I think it's December 19th, latter part of December. But all that should be wrapped up and we'll see the results before year end. Great.

Appreciate all the color. Thank you.

Thank you. Your next question comes from Julianne Dumoulin Smith with Jeffries. Please state your question.

Hey, Julian.

Hey. Good afternoon, team. Thank you guys very much for the time. I appreciate it. Hey, hey. Absolutely. Chris, can we talk about the rebasing? You use the same language again about as early as 2027. And a lot of folks are very curious to understand what the metrics that you're looking at, whether it's operational or regulatory or just frankly incremental, you know, signed data center deals to get you comfortable, to make it more of a firmer timeline for, for that rebasing. Any thoughts that you'd observe here on how you're thinking about that timeline, Julia?

I mean, I think we said, I mean, there are, I mean, there's not kind of a exact list. I mean, there are a lot of things that we're going to look at to make that decision. I mean, how's the economy performing? What's happening with interest rates? I mean, where are we with large load contracts? I mean, just a number of factors, I think, that has to go into that consideration to give us the confidence and certainty to make that kind of decision. And so as we said before, there's a lot more meat on the bone in terms of where we are and how that decision needs to be made. But yeah, I mean, that's something we'll work through and we'll give you more clarity on that in our February call for next year.

Awesome. Excellent. And a little bit more of a nitpicky question. The 9 billion of equity you guys talked about here a second ago in theory, if you were to get this incremental 5 billion, how do you think about that being reflected in that nine, the upside that we discussed in the second quarter call Julian, you mean? Yeah, that's all in there, right?

Yeah. So in the night. No, actually the upside, to the extent that the Georgia Public Service Commission approves all of our requests, we had talked about that being about another 4 billion of incremental capital and that's likely to be financed kind of in that neighborhood of about 40% equity going forward. So once we get clarity on that, we'll be able to execute on that plan. And there's a little rounding error there. Right between the four and the five with gas, I think it is, if I understand. Yeah, that's right. You're exactly right, Julian. The four relates specifically to the remainder at request at the Georgia Public Service Commission. And you know, we've talked about opportunities within our FERC regulated jurisdictions in the gas infrastructure business. And that's about a billion dollars. So you're exactly on point. All right, awesome, guys. Thank you very much. I'll turn it over there. Thank you.

Your next question comes from Char Perezza with Wells Fargo. Please state your question.

Hey, Shar. Hey, guys.

Hey, guys. Oh, not too bad, not too bad. Thanks, Chris. So just real quick on, on, let. Me just shift gears to Southern Power. I mean, obviously there is a lot of opportunities there and you've got existing tolling agreements that start to expire. I what I guess is there, how do we think about just the assets, the value of the assets, the pricing environment, have conversations started? And is there opportunities to renegotiate these tolls ahead of the expirations, just given the value of the assets? Yeah. So like we talked about, you know, we've got a very large portion of these contracts under long term, of these assets under long term contracts, you know, about 95% or so through 2029. And you're absolutely right. There's, you know, where, where those opportunities exist. We're toward the end of those contracts. We'll start having some conversations to renegotiate those and renew those where appropriate. And when we're looking at a couple of live data points right in our, in the RFP that that was recently approved at in Georgia Southern Power on a competitive bid basis. One, two PPAs that go into effect in the early 2000 and 30s and those are repriced about two, almost three times kind of where they sit today. So assuming that that market holds, we see great opportunity out in the future as those Contracts, lay off, and then we can renegotiate those and recommit those assets in the future. Got it. Okay, perfect. And then just lastly, just obviously you guys talk about the amount of gas that's needed in the Southeast, just around the S and G pipeline expansion. Any thoughts on timing there? How are the conversations going with the counterparties? Thanks. The SNG expansion is going well on track. I think. We talked about that being about a $3 billion investment. 100% dollars. We're a 50% owner of that. And so that. That project is going as scheduled. And, you know, we expect great interest in contracting that capacity. That pipe runs kind of, if you will, through our backyard. And we see that pipe being able to serve our needs as well as a number of other needs through the. Around the adjoining states. So looking forward to getting that project taken care of. Okay, perfect. Then just last, if I could just slip one quick one. On the equity question, Chris, it's been obviously some pretty healthy transactions that have been done around partial asset sales. Some of your peers have done it. They have been successful. It's been accretive. But just want to get a sense on. Have you considered sort of other avenues versus these equity or equity like instruments and even can some parts of Southern Power be opportunities there or just focusing on equity and equity?

Like, you know, Charles, you know, we don't comment on kind of speculative transactions or rumors or kind of these broad questions. You know, we're always looking to see who's the best owner of a given asset. And that's something that we'll always look around corners and make those kinds of decisions. And I think it's a little bit premature, but. Yeah, I mean, that's something that, you know, we will always give deep considerations to. We like our cards, we like the portfolio that we have. But I mean, there's something. Some things we'll always take a look at.

Perfect. I appreciate it, guys. Thanks so much. Okay.

Your next question comes from Anthony Crodell with Mizuho Securities. Please state your question.

Hey, good afternoon, team.

What's going on? Hey, not as good as you. Hey.

Two easy ones, two softballs. You talk about on the fourth quarter call, you're gonna give us a capital refresh and I guess potentially an update on the EPS cagr. And I think you mentioned that I don't want to put words in your mouth about maybe talking about a base starting in 27. My question is, do we get 2020? Well, we also get 2027 guidance on the fourth quarter call. You know, Anthony, We've been talking about this opportunity for a good little while. And as we've seen this kind of momentum around developing these contracts come to fruition, you know, it is pretty unique. And those contracts that we've talked about are kind of coming into play in the latter part of our planning horizon. So, you know, we do expect to be able to share some clarity on that. Like Chris talked about, a lot of things are in the mix. And as we move forward in getting these contracts taken care of, we'll be able to share what that clarity looks like in February.

Great.

And then just last question, and I apologize if I had the timing wrong. I believe from your last call to this call, I believe Moody's put the holding company on a negative outlook. Your equity needs, you had already announced before. Does that negative outlook or maybe change if you have maybe pulling forward or the timing of that remainder 2 billion of equity? Yeah, you know, no. We've got what we believe is a really good path to get towards 17% fo to debt. And you know, let's remember fundamental belief at Southern that a premium equity starts with being a high quality credit. And so it's important that we're going to retain these ratings that we have. And, you know, we look to be able to build cushion toward that 16% threshold. That's our downgrade threshold. So our path is getting closer to 17%. And we see these qualitative factors and quantitative factors improving the executing on the equity issuances is really encouraging. Bringing these contracts to fruition is encouraging. And we're just going to continue to be proactive and disciplined in this approach. And, you know, we're going to continue to share our progress with the rating agencies to make sure that they're aware of where we're getting or where we're going towards 17% over the planning horizon. Great.

See you guys down at eei. Awesome.

Look forward to it. Thanks.

Your next question comes from Jeremy Tennet with JP Morgan. Please state your question.

Hey, Jeremy. Hi. Hey, Jeremy. Hi. Good morning.

Good afternoon.

Just wanted to just one quick question. Here with regards to nuclear. I think Southern has talked in the. Past of the importance of nuclear development for the future of the country. And we've seen support from the federal government start to move things forward in different parts of the country. Just wondering if there's any specific actions out there, support from the federal government or other entities that would make expanding Vogel or pursuing SMR more attractive to Southern.

First of all, let me say I was incredibly excited about the actions that the administration Took with Westinghouse and Cameco and Brookfield in terms of that collaboration. I mean, I think all of those things are very important to bring forth new nuclear in this country. And with this incredibly growing demand, I think it's so important that we take the steps necessary to build new units in this country. And so between the action taken announced yesterday, a couple of days ago, as well as the President's executive orders on the regulatory side, all those things I think are very important and very instrumental and helping support the development of new nuclear in this country. Because as you look at bringing these new units on, these units could have 60 to 80 year lives. And so that will take us in meet the current future demand, but also demand into the next century. So this is incredibly important to recognize the steps in the leadership role that the government must take to address risk and find ways to help mitigate that risk. So I think it's incredibly important and real excited about the steps that are being taken by this administration.

Got it. That's helpful. I'll leave it there, thanks. Thank you very much.

Your next question comes from Andrew Wiesel with Scotiabank. Please state your question.

Hey, Andrew. Andrew. Hey, everybody. Forgive me, I'm not sure if I heard an answer to that last question. Does all of that federal government activity change your appetite? I appreciate the industry commentary, but what about your appetite?

Not at this time.

Okay, thank you for clarifying, but that wasn't my original question. My original question was on slide nine. So you show the demand from large load customers for 2029 and then the mid-30s. What strikes me is it's a fairly small change. Only one incremental gigawatt of contracted and one additional gigawatt of committed. How much of that would you say is the same? Projects ramping up their demand versus an incremental project or projects coming online between those years. And to what degree would you say the small increase is conservatism or risk adjusting or however you want to call it? It just seems like a fairly small delta relative to the trends in commentary. Yeah, no, I get where you're coming from. What we wanted to try to display in this chart, so I appreciate your question, is that the entire seven gigs on the 2029 column is included in the 202030 column. And so what we're trying to reflect there is ramp up timing and our expectations and projections based on the contracts that we have as well as in the committed section, you know, that that's reflective of the conversations that we've been having and the modeling that we've been doing through the negotiations. And so those ramp ups do take a minute and you know, those are projected to kind of be over about a five year period. It's a little different from contract to contract because obviously these are tailor made contracts, bilateral negotiations, not necessarily at all a unique large load tariff. And so these are tailor made and reflect our expectations around the ramp up. Okay, great. Thank you very much. Thank you.

And your next question comes from David Arcaro with Morgan Stanley. Please state your question.

David. Hey, thanks so much. Hey, good afternoon. So looking at the 10 gigawatt large load contracted or committed numbers by 2029. I guess I was just wondering if. There'S still a further opportunity to add on more gigawatts there to bring on more large load by the 2029 timeframe or are you seeing system constraints or limits in terms of absorbing additional data. Centers in the near term?

I think that the ability to bring on more is out there. So the answer to your question is yes, there's more capacity, more opportunity and yes, we are in advanced discussions and in advanced considerations with other large load companies in terms of looking at more possibilities. So yeah, there are more upside opportunities for the latter part of this decade.

Yeah. Okay, got it, got it. And then I was just wondering if you could, could you characterize just maybe the plan for the, for the next set of RFPs just looking forward for future generation needs. What years, you know, would those be. Representing in terms of when they come into service?

And then what would you be, you know, potentially considering bringing forth those RFPS to take in the bids? Sure. So remember that 25 IRP step stipulation allowed for another all source RFP to begin, you know, as early as 2026. And you know, at the moment we don't really have any size or parameters. We're just working through that and assessing our needs. You know, we need to get through the processes in place at the moment and then we'll look to the future and that could be, you know, in the early 2030s, maybe 2032ish. But you know, we'll have to wait and see how that plays out and we'll have more clarity next year. But we, we're really encouraged by the, by the conversations that we've been having. And you know, the momentum continues to build, not just in Georgia, but around the service territories. Okay, perfect, that's helpful.

Thanks so much.

Sure, David, thank you.

Your next question comes from Angie Storzinski with Seaport. Please state your question.

Hey Angie, thank you. How Are you guys okay? So my first question about contract based gas fired new build. So in the past you guys were saying that you're still waiting to see, you know, demand or interest in like fully loaded economics for gas fired new build for Southern Power. And I'm wondering if we've already achieved at that point or is it still a waiting period.

For recontracting at Southern Power? I just want to make sure.

No, no, for like building a brand new combined cycles for a hyperscaler or whoever under a long term contract by Southern Power, you know, meeting your return expectations. If you've seen offers at levels that you would consider interesting.

You know, we continue to evaluate and recall, I think we talked about it probably several times in the past that Southern Power we run with a pretty high filter, we have high credit quality counterparties, long term in nature, locking up the capacity, no fuel risk. So as we find those opportunities that fit into that box, we'll definitely pursue them. And at the moment we're just still evaluating. So the answer is no, you haven't seen them or you're still sort of debating if the, if the, if the terms are attractive. Yeah, we're evaluating and having, having some conversations around that.

Okay. And then second thing, and I know you have answered this question a couple of times already on this call about nuclear new build. But, but it's, we keep hearing especially from Westinghouse, Right. That they are seeing interest in nucle you build from large regulated utility operators in, in the US And I know that it could be just preliminary discussions. But. I mean the Southeast seems to come up quite a bit. I mean I'm looking at the map, there are a few options here. So I'm just wondering is it just as I said, preliminary discussions or is it, you know, you wouldn't be the first one seemingly given what's happening in South Carolina. But how should we, you know, brace for any potential announcements from you?

Yeah, I mean I can't speak for others, but I speak for Southern Company. We are, we are not there yet to make an announcement about a new nuclear plant. As we said many times in the past, we want to make sure that all risks are mitigated before we make that kind of decision. I'm excited about all the activity that's occurring around the country with considerations about new nuclear. But until we find a way to get all the risks mitigated, I mean that's not a decision that we're going to make, but we're going to continue to work with the administration, work with other government agencies to talk about the importance and the role that new nuclear can play in meeting this growing demand. But being perfectly clear, no, we're not in a position to make, to make that decision at this point until we find ways to make sure all risks are mitigated. Understood.

Thank you.

Your next question comes from Paul Fremont with Ladenburg Salman. Please state your question.

Hey Paul. Hey Paul. Thanks for taking my question. First question is I just want to.

Understand the difference between contracted and committed. Is, is that just an ESA versus an LOA or what's the distinction there? Sure. So let's maybe start with the contract. I mean that's, that's a signed agreement, you know, hopefully pretty relatively self explanatory. We've got a commitment to deliver based on the terms and conditions negotiated and parties have signed off and we're moving forward. The RFS request for service, you know, that's going through the process that we've described in the past where you kind of start with an entity looking across the states, maybe they've selected Georgia. We start having conversations with them, we start getting through. They're going to within the state of Georgia as an example. They're going to pick Georgia Power versus other providers. That takes us to a new level of conversation. More collateral is posted, the process gets more involved. Engineering studies are happening. And so the commitment then is as we're negotiating terms and conditions, pricing ramp ups and other needs, that's kind of like your last phase before you're getting into actually signing a contract. So committed is very far down the road and we're working through T's and C's, finalizing engineering studies and on the verge of signing contracts.

Okay.

So that's sort of like finalizing agreements.

Can you, would you be able to characterize then how many gigawatts would be in advanced stage negotiations? I think some of your peers provide, you know, that third layer of breakout. Yeah.

So you know, in that bucket we're probably in the neighborhood 12ish gigs. I mean it's fairly dynamic and it's across the system. Great.

And then sort of last question for.

Me, you are targeting or you're guiding to 8% sales growth. What, what year would you expect to sort of achieve that level of sales growth? That's in the latter part of the horizon. I think we talked about 2029 is the, is the target for that and we grow into that over time. Great. That's it. That's it for me. Thank you very much. Awesome. Thank you.

Your next question comes from Travis Miller. With Morningstar. Please state your question.

Hi guys. Thank you. Hey, Travis. Back. Still keeping with the large load. Popular topic here. If I run through those numbers that you broke out in terms of projects and gigawatts, it looks like average project, somewhere less than half a gigawatt, maybe 300 to 500 megawatts. One, I was wondering if that's a fair assessment of what you're seeing out there. And then two, what does the extra 50 gigawatts or the next stage look like? And we've heard some utilities talking about gigawatt projects, tech companies talking about multiple gigawatt projects. So wonder if you could characterize the.

Current.

Customers and then the next step. Okay, yeah, thank you. So, yeah, I wouldn't do just the straight math. I mean, these are wide ranging. You know, we've got some on the hundred megawatts of the scale and then we've got a couple at the north of 11 gigawatt. And so they are really all over the place. And like we've talked about, I mean, each one of these are tailor made contracts for their own specific needs. So I'd suggest resisting the simple math. Okay, that's helpful there. And then the 50 gigawatts or the next stage, 40 or so gigawatts incremental. What are you seeing from those coming into the system? Requesting. Yeah, like the whole pipeline, you know, as we've talked about, those are in various stages and as we build our forecast, we pretty heavily discount all of that through the various layers, if you will, of the, of the contracting process. So yeah, 50 gigawatts north of 50 gigawatts is the universe in which we're evaluating right now. And you know, we, we, we have talked about a small portion of that coming to fruition as a contract. Okay. But still the same kind of range in terms of actual project. 100 megawatts to north of a gigawatt. Okay. Yes, yeah, exactly.

Okay.

And then do these tend to be greenfield or brown feed? Are they expansions? Whether it's manufacturing or data center, are they expansion projects or greenfield projects? Typically both. Yeah, it's really all over the place. I mean, we've got industrial customers making announcements that they're expanding their capacity here in our service territories. We've got new businesses relocating or starting up. And then the data centers, some are expanding. You know, I think we mentioned, I think in our prepared comments that the portfolio of data centers that we're serving today have grown at 17% year over year in the quarter. So really excited about what we're seeing in both the portfolio that we're serving today and the process of contracting and the diversity that those customers are bringing to the, to the system. Okay, great. Appreciate. Sure thing. Thank you.

And that will conclude today's question and answer session. Sir, are there any closing remarks?

Again, let me thank everybody for joining us today on our call. And as we said before, we have a bright future and we're looking forward to what's ahead. So thank you very much and have a great day.

Thank you, sir. Ladies and gentlemen, this concludes the Southern Company third quarter 2025 earnings call. You may now disconnect.