ADTRAN Holdings, Inc. (NASDAQ: ADTN and FSE: QH9) (“ADTRAN Holdings” “ADTRAN” or the “Company”) today announced its unaudited financial results for the fourth quarter ended December 31, 2025.

ADTRAN Holdings Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Tom Stanton stated, “We delivered a strong fourth quarter, with revenue above our outlook and growth across all three revenue categories. Performance reflected solid execution and sustained fiber investment across our core markets.”

Mr. Stanton added, “As we look at 2026, we see solid momentum with cloud and enterprise customers, strong broadband activity in the US and increasing high-risk vendor replacement initiatives in Europe. Our priorities remain focused on expanding operating margin, cash generation, and converting the customer opportunities we are seeing across our portfolio.”

Business outlook¹

For the first quarter of 2026, the Company expects revenue to be within a range of $275.0 to $295.0 million. Non-GAAP operating margin is expected to be within a range of 4.0% to 8.0%.

Non-GAAP operating margin (which is calculated as non-GAAP operating income (loss) divided by revenue) is a non-GAAP financial measure. The Company has provided guidance for its first quarter 2026 non-GAAP operating margin. This measure excludes from the corresponding GAAP financial measure the effect of adjustments as described below. The Company has not provided a reconciliation of such non-GAAP guidance to guidance presented on a GAAP basis because it cannot predict and quantify without unreasonable effort all of the adjustments that may occur during the period due to the difficulty of predicting the timing and amounts of various items within a reasonable range. In particular, non-GAAP operating margin excludes certain items, such as acquisition related expenses, amortizations and adjustments, stock-based compensation expense, restructuring expenses, integration expenses, deferred compensation adjustments, professional fees and other expenses, and goodwill impairment, that the Company is unable to quantitatively predict. Depending on the materiality of these items, they could have a significant impact on the Company's GAAP financial results.¹

Conference call

The Company will hold a conference call to discuss its fourth quarter and full year 2025 results on Thursday, February 26, 2026, at 7:30 a.m. Central Time (2:30 p.m. Central European Time). The Company will webcast this conference call at the events and presentations section of ADTRAN Holdings, Inc. Investor Relations website athttps://events.q4inc.com/attendee/203363753

An online replay of the Company’s conference call, as well as the transcript of the call, will be available on the Investor Relations sitehttps://investors.adtran.com/investor.relations@adtran.com

Upcoming conference schedule

March 10, 2026: Stifel 2026 One-on-One Conference – New York

About Adtran

ADTRAN Holdings, Inc. (NASDAQ: ADTN and FSE: QH9) is the parent company of Adtran, Inc., a leading global provider of open, disaggregated networking and communications solutions that enable voice, data, video and internet communications across any network infrastructure. From the cloud edge to the subscriber edge, Adtran empowers communications service providers around the world to manage and scale services that connect people, places and things. Adtran solutions are used by service providers, private enterprises, government organizations and millions of individual users worldwide. ADTRAN Holdings, Inc. is also the majority shareholder of Adtran Networks SE, formerly ADVA Optical Networking SE (“Adtran Networks”). Find more atAdtran.com LinkedIn X

Cautionary note regarding forward-looking statements

Statements contained in this press release and the accompanying earnings call which are not historical facts, such as those relating to future market conditions, future priorities, customer demand, (including with respect to future fiber investments, upgrade activity in the U.S. and Europe, and future customer opportunities), and ADTRAN Holdings’ strategy, outlook and financial guidance, are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements can also generally be identified by the use of words such as “believe,” “expect,” “intend,” “estimate,” “anticipate,” “will,” “may,” “could,” “look forward,” and similar expressions. In addition, ADTRAN Holdings, through its senior management, may from time to time make forward-looking public statements concerning the matters described herein. All such projections and other forward-looking information speak only as of the date hereof, and ADTRAN Holdings undertakes no duty to publicly update or revise such forward-looking information, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise, except to the extent as may be required by law. All such forward-looking statements are necessarily estimates and reflect management’s best judgment based upon current information. Actual events or results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of a variety of factors. While it is impossible to identify all such factors, factors which have caused and may in the future cause actual events or results to differ materially from those estimated by ADTRAN Holdings include, but are not limited to: (i) risks and uncertainties relating to our ability to remain in compliance with the covenants set forth in and satisfy the payment obligations under our credit agreement and convertible notes, to satisfy our payment obligations to Adtran Networks’ minority shareholders under the Domination and Profit and Loss Transfer Agreement between us and Adtran Networks (the “DPLTA”), and to make payments to Adtran Networks in order to absorb its annual net loss pursuant to the DPLTA; (ii) the risk of fluctuations in revenue due to lengthy sales and approval processes required by major and other service providers for new products, as well as shifting customer spending patterns; (iii) risks and uncertainties related to our inventory practices and ability to match customer demand; (iv) risks and uncertainties relating to our level of indebtedness and our ability to generate cash; (v) risks and uncertainties relating to ongoing material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting; (vi) risks posed by changes in general economic conditions and monetary, fiscal and trade policies, including tariffs; (vii) risks posed by potential breaches of information systems and cyber-attacks; (viii) the risk that we may not be able to effectively compete, including through product improvements and development; and (ix) the other risks set forth in our public filings made with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), including our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, as amended, our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended March 31, 2025, June 30, 2025, and September 30, 2025, and our Annual Reporting on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025 to be filed with the SEC.

Explanation of use of non-GAAP financial measures

Set forth in the tables below under the heading “Supplemental Information” are reconciliations of gross profit, gross margin, operating expenses, operating income (loss), operating margin, other expense, net loss inclusive of the non-controlling interest, net loss attributable to the Company, and loss per share - basic and diluted, attributable to the Company, and net cash provided by operating activities, in each case as reported based on generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”), to non-GAAP gross profit, non-GAAP gross margin, non-GAAP operating expenses, non-GAAP operating income (loss), non-GAAP operating margin, non-GAAP other expense, non-GAAP net income (loss) inclusive of the non-controlling interest, non-GAAP net income (loss) attributable to the Company, non-GAAP net earnings (loss) per share - basic and diluted, attributable to the Company, and free cash flow, respectively. Such non-GAAP measures exclude acquisition-related expenses, amortization and adjustments (consisting of intangible amortization of backlog, inventory fair value adjustments, developed technology, customer relationships, and trade names acquired in connection with business combinations), stock-based compensation expense, restructuring expenses, integration expenses, deferred compensation adjustments, goodwill impairments, professional fees and other expenses, amortization of pension actuarial losses, the tax effect of these adjustments to net loss and purchases of property, plant and equipment, and developed technologies. These measures are used by management in our ongoing planning and annual budgeting processes. Additionally, we believe the presentation of these non-GAAP measures, when combined with the presentation of the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure, is beneficial to the overall understanding of ongoing operating performance of the Company. These non-GAAP financial measures are not prepared in accordance with, or an alternative for, GAAP and therefore should not be considered in isolation or as a substitution for analysis of our results as reported under GAAP. Additionally, our calculation of non-GAAP measures may not be comparable to similar measures calculated by other companies.

ADTRAN Holdings, Inc.www.adtran.comPublished by

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Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) (In thousands)

*ASSETS*	December 31,			December 31,
Current Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	95,696		$	76,021
Accounts receivable, net		210,687			178,030
Other receivables		7,046			9,775
Inventory, net		215,736			261,557
Income tax receivable		3,667			5,461
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		55,317			56,395
Short-term investments - deferred compensation		35,174			—
Assets held for sale		11,901			11,901
Total Current Assets		635,224			599,140
Property, plant and equipment, net		124,384			106,454
Goodwill		59,983			52,918
Intangibles, net		294,047			284,893
Deferred tax assets		16,481			17,826
Other non-current assets		73,352			78,128
Long-term investments		1,022			32,060
Total Assets	$	1,204,493		$	1,171,419
*LIABILITIES AND EQUITY*
Current Liabilities
Accounts payable	$	167,337		$	171,825
Unearned revenue		87,541			52,701
Accrued expenses and other liabilities		33,690			34,158
Accrued wages and benefits		32,203			32,853
Deferred compensation liability		37,447			—
Income tax payable		3,642			1,936
Total Current Liabilities		361,860			293,473
Non-current revolving credit agreement outstanding		25,000			189,576
Non-current convertible senior notes, net of debt issuance costs		193,038			—
Deferred tax liabilities		27,453			30,372
Non-current unearned revenue		27,143			22,065
Non-current pension liability		6,277			8,983
Non-current deferred compensation liability		—			33,203
Non-current lease obligations		27,000			25,925
Other non-current liabilities		17,564			17,928
Total Liabilities		685,335			621,525
Redeemable Non-Controlling Interest		373,328			422,943
Equity
Common stock		802			795
Additional paid-in capital		801,269			808,913
Accumulated other comprehensive income		78,877			11,254
Retained deficit		(730,010	)		(688,813	)
Treasury stock		(5,108	)		(5,198	)
Total Equity		145,830			126,951
Total Liabilities and Equity	$	1,204,493		$	1,171,419

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Loss (Unaudited) (In thousands, except per share amounts)

	Three Months Ended								Twelve Months Ended
	December 31,								December 31,
	2025					2024			2025					2024
Revenue
Network Solutions	$	242,653				$	197,009		$	896,911				$	738,964
Services & Support		48,907					45,843			186,896					183,756
Total Revenue		291,560					242,852			1,083,807					922,720
Cost of Revenue
Network Solutions		157,472					135,861			592,141					517,220
Network Solutions - charges and inventory write-down		—					—			—					8,597
Services & Support		20,359					17,435			76,711					72,739
Total Cost of Revenue		177,831					153,296			668,852					598,556
Gross Profit		113,729					89,556			414,955					324,164
Selling, general and administrative expenses		57,409					57,013			226,275					232,918
Research and development expenses		51,842					49,314			204,276					221,458
Goodwill impairment		—					—			—					297,353
Operating Income (Loss)		4,478					(16,771	)		(15,596	)				(427,565	)
Interest and dividend income		1,703					1,631			2,321					3,058
Interest expense		(4,520	)				(4,870	)		(19,344	)				(22,053	)
Net investment (loss) gain		(574	)				(920	)		3,001					3,587
Other income (expense), net		805					687			(1,632	)				246
Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes		1,892					(20,243	)		(31,250	)				(442,727	)
Income tax expense		(3,172	)				(23,461	)		(4,993	)				(7,340	)
Net Loss	$	(1,280	)			$	(43,704	)	$	(36,243	)			$	(450,067	)
Net Income attributable to non-controlling interest⁽¹⁾		2,316					2,407			9,413					9,824
Net Loss attributable to ADTRAN Holdings, Inc.	$	(3,596	)			$	(46,111	)	$	(45,656	)			$	(459,891	)

Weighted average shares outstanding – basic		79,877					79,091			79,742					78,928
Weighted average shares outstanding – diluted		79,877					79,091			79,742					78,928

Loss per common share attributable to ADTRAN Holdings, Inc. – basic	$	(0.02	)	⁽²	⁾	$	(0.58	)	$	(0.52	)	⁽¹	⁾	$	(5.79	)
Loss per common share attributable to ADTRAN Holdings, Inc. – diluted	$	(0.02	)	⁽²	⁾	$	(0.58	)	$	(0.52	)	⁽¹	⁾	$	(5.79	)

(1) For the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2025 we accrued $2.3 million and $9.3 million, respectively, net income attributable to non-controlling interest, representing the recurring cash compensation earned by non-controlling interest shareholders post-DPLTA. For the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2024, we accrued $2.4 million and $9.8 million, respectively, representing the recurring cash compensation earned by non-controlling interest shareholders post-DPLTA.
(2) Loss per common share attributable to ADTRAN Holdings, Inc. - basic and diluted - reflects $2.1 million and $4.1 million effect of redemption of RNCI for the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2025 and $0 and $3.0 million effect of redemption of RNCI for the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2024.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) (In thousands)

	Twelve Months Ended
	2025			2024
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net Loss	$	(36,243	)	$	(450,067	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		92,546			90,529
Goodwill impairment		—			297,353
Amortization of revolving credit facility issuance costs		1,351			3,950
Amortization of convertible notes issuance costs		441			—
Gain on investments		(4,740	)		(5,030	)
Net loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment		228			1,371
Stock-based compensation expense		10,062			15,988
Deferred income taxes		(3,847	)		5,576
Inventory write down - business efficiency program		—			4,135
Inventory reserves		(2,541	)		5,316
Change in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable, net		(18,301	)		46,108
Other receivables		5,767			10,713
Income taxes receivable		2,034			648
Inventory		64,494			79,985
Prepaid expenses other current assets and other assets		19,223			(13,445	)
Accounts payable		17,982			10,238
Accrued expenses and other liabilities		(17,967	)		4,873
Income taxes payable		(722	)		(4,670	)
Net cash provided by operating activities		129,767			103,571
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of property, plant and equipment		(31,737	)		(34,501	)
Purchases of intangibles - developed technology		(37,528	)		(30,671	)
Proceeds from sales and maturities of available-for-sale investments		1,019			1,240
Purchases of available-for-sale investments		(383	)		(268	)
Payments for beneficial interests in securitized accounts receivable		(539	)		(55	)
Net cash used in investing activities		(69,168	)		(64,255	)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Tax withholdings related to stock-based compensation settlements		(1,478	)		(1,143	)
Proceeds from stock option exercises		1,829			824
Proceeds from receivables purchase agreement		—			68,556
Repayments on receivables purchase agreement		—			(83,772	)
Proceeds from draw on revolving credit agreements		49,000			26,000
Repayment of revolving credit agreements		(214,000	)		(31,000	)
Redemption of redeemable non-controlling interest		(46,575	)		(17,398	)
Payment of annual recurring compensation to non-controlling interest		(10,053	)		(10,084	)
Payment of debt issuance cost		(9,003	)		(1,994	)
Proceeds from issuance of senior convertible notes		201,250			—
Payments for capped call transactions related to convertible senior notes		(17,650	)		—
Net cash used in financing activities		(46,680	)		(50,011	)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents		13,919			(10,695	)
Effect of exchange rate changes		5,756			(451	)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year		76,021			87,167
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year	$	95,696		$	76,021

Supplemental disclosure of cash financing activities:
Cash paid for interest	$	13,273		$	20,884
Cash used in operating activities related to operating leases	$	10,216		$	9,274
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing activities and financing activities:
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations	$	6,432		$	5,317
Purchases of property, plant and equipment included in accounts payable	$	3,716		$	2,635
Purchases of property, plant and equipment included in other non-current liabilities	$	5,119		$	—
Redemption of redeemable non-controlling interest	$	4,085		$	2,986

Supplemental Information Reconciliation of Gross Profit and Gross Margin to Non-GAAP Gross Profit and Non-GAAP Gross Margin (Unaudited) (In thousands)

	Three Months Ended									Twelve Months Ended
	December 31, 2025			September 30, 2025			December 31, 2024			December 31, 2025			December 31, 2024
Total Revenue	$	291,560		$	279,435		$	242,852		$	1,083,807		$	922,720

Cost of Revenue	$	177,831		$	172,309		$	153,296		$	668,852		$	598,556
Acquisition-related expenses, amortization and adjustments⁽¹⁾		(9,964	)		(10,140	)		(9,980	)		(40,534	)		(40,497	)
Stock-based compensation expense		(232	)		(265	)		(317	)		(986	)		(1,142	)
Restructuring expenses⁽²⁾		—			—			(538	)		—			(14,580	)
Integration expenses⁽³⁾		—			—			123			—			19
Non-GAAP Cost of Revenue	$	167,635		$	161,904		$	142,584		$	627,332		$	542,356

Gross Profit	$	113,729		$	107,126		$	89,556		$	414,955		$	324,164
Non-GAAP Gross Profit	$	123,925		$	117,531		$	100,268		$	456,475		$	380,364

Gross Margin		39.0	%		38.3	%		36.9	%		38.3	%		35.1	%
Non-GAAP Gross Margin		42.5	%		42.1	%		41.3	%		42.1	%		41.2	%

(1) Includes intangible amortization of backlog, inventory fair value adjustments, developed technology, customer relationships, and trade names acquired in connection with business combinations. We incur charges relating to the amortization of intangible assets and exclude these charges for purposes of calculating our non-GAAP measures. Such charges are significantly impacted by the timing and magnitude of our acquisitions. We exclude these charges for the purpose of calculating our non-GAAP measures, primarily because they are noncash expenses and our internal benchmarking analyses evidence that many industry participants and peers present non-GAAP financial measures excluding intangible asset amortization. Although this does not directly affect our cash position, the loss in value of intangible assets over time can have a material impact on the equivalent GAAP earnings measure.
(2) Includes expenses for a Business Efficiency Program designed to optimize the assets and business processes following the business combination with Adtran Networks. The Business Efficiency Program was completed as of December 31, 2024.
(3) Includes expenses related to the Company's one-time integration bonus program in connection with synergy targets as a result of the business combination with Adtran Networks, which bonus program was completed as of December 31, 2024.

Supplemental Information Reconciliation of Operating Expenses to Non-GAAP Operating Expenses (Unaudited) (In thousands)

	Three Months Ended												Twelve Months Ended
	December 31, 2025				September 30, 2025				December 31, 2024				December 31, 2025				December 31, 2024
Operating Expenses	$	109,251			$	109,914			$	106,327			$	430,551			$	751,729
Acquisition-related expenses, amortization and adjustments⁽¹⁾		(1,805	)	⁽²⁾		(1,898	)	⁽⁸⁾		(5,294	)	⁽¹¹⁾		(8,127	)	⁽¹⁵⁾		(22,462	)	⁽¹⁹⁾
Stock-based compensation expense		(1,092	)	⁽³⁾		(2,589	)	⁽⁹⁾		(2,853	)	⁽¹²⁾		(9,076	)	⁽¹⁶⁾		(12,810	)	⁽²⁰⁾
Restructuring expenses⁽⁴⁾		—				—				(3,567	)	⁽¹³⁾		284		⁽¹⁷⁾		(30,101	)	⁽²¹⁾
Integration expenses⁽⁵⁾		—				—				(586	)	⁽¹⁴⁾		—				(1,930	)	⁽²²⁾
Deferred compensation adjustments⁽⁶⁾		781				(2,317	)			451				(3,023	)			(3,808	)
Goodwill impairment		—				—				—				—				(297,353	)	⁽²³⁾
Professional fees and other expenses		(1,988	)	⁽⁷⁾		(694	)	⁽¹⁰⁾		—				(5,835	)	⁽¹⁸⁾		—
Non-GAAP Operating Expenses	$	105,147			$	102,416			$	94,478			$	404,774			$	383,265

(1) We incur charges relating to the amortization of intangible assets and exclude these charges for purposes of calculating our non-GAAP measures. Such charges are significantly impacted by the timing and magnitude of our acquisitions. We exclude these charges for the purpose of calculating our non-GAAP measures, primarily because they are noncash expenses and our internal benchmarking analyses evidence that many industry participants and peers present non-GAAP financial measures excluding intangible asset amortization. Although this does not directly affect our cash position, the loss in value of intangible assets over time can have a material impact on the equivalent GAAP earnings measure.
(2) Includes intangible amortization of developed technology, customer relationships, and trade names acquired in connection with business combinations, of which $1.4 million is included in selling, general and administrative expenses and $0.4 million is included in research and development expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of loss.
(3) $0.4 million is included in selling, general and administrative expenses and $0.7 million is included in research and development expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of loss.
(4) Includes expenses for a Business Efficiency Program designed to optimize the assets and business processes following the business combination with Adtran Networks. The Business Efficiency Program was completed as of December 31, 2024.
(5) Includes expenses related to the Company's one-time integration bonus program in connection with synergy targets as a result of the business combination with Adtran Networks, which was completed as of December 31, 2024.
(6) Includes non-cash change in fair value of equity investments held in the ADTRAN Holdings, Inc. Deferred Compensation Program for Employees, all of which is included in selling, general and administrative expenses on the condensed consolidated statement of loss.
(7) $2.0 million is included in selling, general and administrative expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of loss. Includes professional fees related to an internal investigation and a related SEC inquiry, a provision in connection with a potential 401(k) plan corrective action, and fees relating to other one-time professional fees and business expenses.
(8) Includes intangible amortization of developed technology, customer relationships, and trade names acquired in connection with business combinations, of which $1.4 million is included in selling, general and administrative expenses and $0.5 million is included in research and development expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of loss.
(9) $1.8 million is included in selling, general and administrative expenses and $0.8 million is included in research and development expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of loss.
(10) $0.7 million is included in selling, general and administrative expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of loss. Includes professional fees related to an internal investigation and a related SEC inquiry, as well as fees relating to other one-time professional fees and business expenses.
(11) Includes $4.3 million of intangible amortization of developed technology, customer relationships, and trade names acquired in connection with business combinations and $1.0 million of legal and advisory fees related to a potential strategic transaction which are included in selling, general and administrative expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of loss.
(12) $1.9 million is included in selling, general and administrative expenses and $1.0 million is included in research and development expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of loss.
(13) $1.2 million is included in selling, general and administrative expenses and $2.4 million is included in research and development expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of loss. Includes expenses for restructuring program designed to optimize the assets and business processes following the business combination with Adtran Networks SE. The restructuring program commenced upon the closing of the business combination with Adtran Networks SE and was substantially completed in late 2024. Additionally, as part of the Business Efficiency Program, management determined to close a facility in Greifswald, Germany which occurred in December 2024. The Business Efficiency Program was completed as of December 31, 2024.
(14) $0.6 million is included in selling, general and administrative expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of loss, and is primarily related to the Company's one-time integration bonus program in connection with synergy targets as a result of the business combination with Adtran Networks SE which bonus program was completed as of December 31, 2024.
(15) Includes intangible amortization of developed technology, customer relationships, and trade names acquired in connection with business combinations, of which $6.4 million is included in selling, general and administrative expenses and $1.7 million is included in research and development expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of loss.
(16) $6.0 million is included in selling, general and administrative expenses and $3.1 million is included in research and development expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of loss.
(17) Includes a true-up of expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of loss for a Business Efficiency Program designed to optimize the assets and business processes following the business combination with Adtran Networks. The Business Efficiency Program was completed as of December 31, 2024.
(18) $5.8 million is included in selling, general and administrative expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of loss. Includes professional fees related to an internal investigation and a related SEC inquiry, a provision in connection with a potential 401(k) plan corrective action, employee exit costs and fees relating to other one-time professional fees and business expenses.
(19) Includes $17.6 million of intangible amortization of developed technology, customer relationships, and trade names acquired in connection with business combinations and $4.9 million of legal and advisory fees related to a potential strategic transaction which are included in selling, general and administrative expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of loss.
(20) $9.0 million is included in selling, general and administrative expenses and $3.8 million is included in research and development expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of loss.
(21) $9.1 million is included in selling, general and administrative expenses and $21.0 million is included in research and development expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of loss. Includes expenses for restructuring program designed to optimize the assets and business processes following the business combination with Adtran Networks SE. The restructuring program commenced upon the closing of the business combination with Adtran Networks SE and was substantially completed in late 2024. Additionally, as part of the Business Efficiency Program, management determined to close a facility in Greifswald, Germany which occurred in December 2024. The Business Efficiency Program was completed as of December 31, 2024.
(22) $1.8 million is included in selling, general and administrative expenses and $0.1 million is included in research and development expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of loss, and is primarily related to the Company's one-time integration bonus program in connection with synergy targets as a result of the business combination with Adtran Networks SE.
(23) Non-cash impairment of goodwill in our Network Solutions reporting unit, necessitated by factors such as a decrease in the Company's market capitalization, cautious service provider spending due to economic uncertainty and continued elevated customer inventory adjustments.

Supplemental Information Reconciliation of Operating Income (Loss) and Operating Margin to Non-GAAP Operating Income (Loss) and Non-GAAP Operating Margin (Unaudited) (In thousands)

	Three Months Ended									Twelve Months Ended
	December 31, 2025			September 30, 2025			December 31, 2024			December 31, 2025			December 31, 2024
Total Revenue	$	291,560		$	279,435		$	242,852		$	1,083,807		$	922,720

Operating Income (Loss)	$	4,478		$	(2,788	)	$	(16,771	)	$	(15,596	)	$	(427,565	)
Acquisition related expenses, amortizations and adjustments⁽¹⁾		11,769			12,038			15,274			48,661			62,959
Stock-based compensation expense		1,324			2,855			3,169			10,062			13,951
Restructuring expenses⁽²⁾		—			—			4,105			(284	)		44,681
Integration expenses⁽³⁾		—			—			464			—			1,911
Deferred compensation adjustments⁽⁴⁾		(781	)		2,317			(451	)		3,023			3,808
Goodwill impairment⁽⁵⁾		—			—			—			—			297,353
Professional fees and other expenses⁽⁶⁾		1,988			694			—			5,835			—
Non-GAAP Operating Income (Loss)	$	18,778		$	15,116		$	5,790		$	51,701		$	(2,902	)

Operating Margin		1.5	%		-1.0	%		-6.9	%		-1.4	%		-46.3	%
Non-GAAP Operating Margin		6.4	%		5.4	%		2.4	%		4.8	%		-0.3	%

(1) Includes intangible amortization of backlog, inventory fair value adjustments, developed technology, customer relationships, and trade names acquired in connection with business combinations. We incur charges relating to the amortization of intangible assets and exclude these charges for purposes of calculating our non-GAAP measures. Such charges are significantly impacted by the timing and magnitude of our acquisitions. We exclude these charges for the purpose of calculating our non-GAAP measures, primarily because they are noncash expenses and our internal benchmarking analyses evidence that many industry participants and peers present non-GAAP financial measures excluding intangible asset amortization. Although this does not directly affect our cash position, the loss in value of intangible assets over time can have a material impact on the equivalent GAAP earnings measure.
(2) Includes expenses for the Company's Business Efficiency Program, which was designed to optimize the assets and business processes following the business combination with Adtran Networks. The Business Efficiency Program was completed as of December 31, 2024.
(3) Includes expenses related to the Company's one-time integration bonus program in connection with synergy targets as a results of the business combination with Adtran Networks, which bonus program was completed as of December 31, 2024.
(4) Includes non-cash change in fair value of equity investments held in the ADTRAN Holdings, Inc. Deferred Compensation Program for certain employees, all of which is included in selling, general and administrative expenses on the condensed consolidated statement of loss.
(5) Non-cash impairment of goodwill in our Network Solutions reporting unit, necessitated by factors such as a decrease in the Company's market capitalization, cautious service provider spending due to economic uncertainty and continued elevated customer inventory adjustments.
(6) Includes professional fees related to an internal investigation and a related SEC inquiry, a provision in connection with a potential 401(k) plan corrective action, employee exit costs and fees relating to other one-time professional fees and business expenses.

Supplemental Information Reconciliation of Other Expense to Non-GAAP Other Expense (Unaudited) (In thousands)

	Three Months Ended									Twelve Months Ended
	December 31, 2025			September 30, 2025			December 31, 2024			December 31, 2025			December 31, 2024
Interest and dividend income	$	1,703		$	291		$	1,631		$	2,321		$	3,058
Interest expense		(4,520	)		(5,499	)		(4,870	)		(19,344	)		(22,053	)
Net investment (loss) gain		(574	)		2,186			(920	)		3,001			3,587
Other income (expense), net		805			(745	)		687			(1,632	)		246
Total Other Expense	$	(2,586	)	$	(3,767	)	$	(3,472	)	$	(15,654	)	$	(15,162	)
Deferred compensation adjustments⁽¹⁾		601			(2,210	)		1,090			(2,928	)		(3,539	)
Pension expense⁽²⁾		12			13			7			47			28
Non-GAAP Other Expense	$	(1,973	)	$	(5,964	)	$	(2,375	)	$	(18,535	)	$	(18,673	)

(1) Includes non-cash change in fair value of equity investments held in the ADTRAN Holdings, Inc. Deferred Compensation Program for Employees.
(2) Includes amortization of actuarial losses related to the Company's pension plan for employees in certain foreign countries.

Supplemental Information Reconciliation of Net Loss inclusive of Non-Controlling Interest to Non-GAAP Net Income (Loss) inclusive of Non-Controlling Interest (Unaudited) and Reconciliation of Net Loss attributable to ADTRAN Holdings, Inc. and Loss per Common Share attributable to ADTRAN Holdings, Inc. – Basic and Diluted to Non-GAAP Net Income (Loss) attributable to ADTRAN Holdings, Inc. and Non-GAAP Earnings (Loss) per Common Share attributable to ADTRAN Holdings, Inc. – Basic and Diluted (Unaudited) (In thousands, except per share amounts)

	Three Months Ended									Twelve Months Ended
	December 31, 2025			September 30, 2025			December 31, 2024			December 31, 2025			December 31, 2024
Net Loss attributable to ADTRAN Holdings, Inc. common stockholders	$	(1,521	)	$	(9,743	)	$	(46,106	)	$	(41,571	)	$	(456,910	)
Effect of redemption of RNCI⁽¹⁾		(2,075	)		(519	)		(5	)		(4,085	)		(2,981	)
Net Loss attributable to ADTRAN Holdings, Inc.	$	(3,596	)	$	(10,262	)	$	(46,111	)	$	(45,656	)	$	(459,891	)
Net Income attributable to non-controlling interest⁽²⁾		2,316			2,505			2,407			9,413			9,824
Net Loss inclusive of non-controlling interest	$	(1,280	)	$	(7,757	)	$	(43,704	)	$	(36,243	)	$	(450,067	)
Acquisition related expenses, amortization and adjustments⁽³⁾		11,769			12,038			15,274			48,661			62,959
Stock-based compensation expense		1,324			2,855			3,169			10,062			13,951
Deferred compensation adjustments⁽⁴⁾		(180	)		107			639			95			269
Pension adjustments⁽⁵⁾		12			13			7			47			28
Restructuring expenses⁽⁶⁾		—			—			4,105			(284	)		44,681
Integration expenses⁽⁷⁾		—			—			464			—			1,911
Goodwill impairment		—			—			—			—			297,353
Professional fees and other expenses⁽⁸⁾		1,988			694			—			5,835			—
Tax effect of adjustments to net loss		(628	)		(2,301	)		20,675			(4,521	)		2,709
Non-GAAP Net Income (Loss) inclusive of non-controlling interest	$	13,005		$	5,649		$	629		$	23,652		$	(26,206	)
Net Income attributable to non-controlling interest⁽²⁾		2,316			2,505			2,407			9,413			9,824
Non-GAAP Net Income (Loss) attributable to ADTRAN Holdings, Inc.	$	10,689		$	3,144		$	(1,778	)	$	14,239		$	(36,030	)
Effect of redemption of RNCI⁽¹⁾		2,075			519			5			4,085			2,981
Non-GAAP Net Income (Loss) attributable to ADTRAN Holdings, Inc. common stockholders	$	12,764		$	3,663		$	(1,773	)	$	18,324		$	(33,049	)

Weighted average shares outstanding – basic		79,877			79,803			79,091			79,742			78,928
Weighted average shares outstanding – diluted		79,877			79,803			79,091			79,742			78,928

Loss per common share attributable to ADTRAN Holdings, Inc. - basic	$	(0.02	)	$	(0.12	)	$	(0.58	)	$	(0.52	)	$	(5.79	)
Loss per common share attributable to ADTRAN Holdings, Inc. - diluted	$	(0.02	)	$	(0.12	)	$	(0.58	)	$	(0.52	)	$	(5.79	)

Non-GAAP Earnings (Loss) per common share attributable to ADTRAN Holdings, Inc. - basic	$	0.16		$	0.05		$	(0.02	)	$	0.23		$	(0.42	)
Non-GAAP Earnings (Loss) per common share attributable to ADTRAN Holdings, Inc. - diluted	$	0.16		$	0.05		$	(0.02	)	$	0.23		$	(0.42	)

(1) Loss per common share attributable to ADTRAN Holdings, Inc. - basic and diluted - reflects a $2.1 million and a $4.1 million effect of redemption of RNCI for the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2025 and a $0 and a $3.0 million effect of redemption of RNCI for the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2024.
(2) Represents the non-controlling interest portion of the Company's ownership of Adtran Networks pre-DPLTA and the annual recurring compensation earned by redeemable non-controlling interests and accrued by the Company post-DPLTA.
(3) We incur charges relating to the amortization of intangible assets and exclude these charges for purposes of calculating our non-GAAP measures. Such charges are significantly impacted by the timing and magnitude of our acquisitions. We exclude these charges for the purpose of calculating our non-GAAP measures, primarily because they are noncash expenses and our internal benchmarking analyses evidence that many industry participants and peers present non-GAAP financial measures excluding intangible asset amortization. Although this does not directly affect our cash position, the loss in value of intangible assets over time can have a material impact on the equivalent GAAP earnings measure.
(4) Includes non-cash change in fair value of equity investments held in deferred compensation plans offered to certain employees.
(5) Includes amortization of actuarial losses related to the Company's pension plan for employees in certain foreign countries.
(6) Includes expenses for a Business Efficiency Program designed to optimize the assets and business processes following the business combination with Adtran Networks. The Business Efficiency Program was completed as of December 31, 2024.
(7) Includes expenses related to the Company's one-time integration bonus program in connection with synergy targets as a result of the business combination with Adtran Networks. Includes fees incurred for the expansion of internal controls at Adtran Networks and the implementation of the DPLTA which was completed as of December 31, 2024.
(8) Includes professional fees related to an internal investigation and a related SEC inquiry, a provision in connection with a potential 401(k) plan corrective action, employee exit costs and fees relating to other one-time professional fees and business expenses.

Supplemental Information Reconciliation of Net Cash Provided By Operating Activities to Free Cash Flow (Unaudited) (In thousands)

	Three Months Ended									Twelve Months Ended
	December 31,			September 30,			December 31,			December 31,			December 31,
	2025			2025			2024			2025			2024
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	42,238		$	12,188		$	2,438		$	129,767		$	103,571
Purchases of property, plant and equipment and developed technologies⁽¹⁾		(19,708	)		(17,029	)		(14,335	)		(69,265	)		(65,172	)
Free cash flow (Non-GAAP)	$	22,530		$	(4,841	)	$	(11,897	)	$	60,502		$	38,399

(1) Purchases related to capital expenditures and developed technologies.

Revenue: $291.6 million, up 20.1% year-over-year.
GAAP gross margin of 39.0%; Non-GAAP gross margin of 42.5%; up 213 and 122 basis points year-over-year, respectively.
Operating margin: GAAP operating margin of 1.5%; non-GAAP operating margin of 6.4%.
Net cash provided by operating activities of $42.2 million.
GAAP diluted loss per share of $0.02; non-GAAP diluted earnings per share of $0.16.
Cash and cash equivalents of $95.7 million.